How to calculate product density?

Two packs of the same size and shape often have different weights. This happens for a single and simple reason: the density of the product contained inside each one of them is not equal. This information is important not only for the consumer, it is also mandatory for many items, but it is also a way to help ensure greater regularity and efficiency in the packaging process, always maintaining the same quality standard.

In this article, you will understand what density is and how to calculate product density. Read on!

How to calculate product density correctly?

Before you know how to calculate, it’s important to understand what density means. It is a measure that defines the degree of mass concentration within a given volume and is calculated in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³), it can also be converted to g/cm³. Density is a unique property of each material.

Simply put, it is how much matter (mass) fits into a space (volume). Bringing the calculation to the packaging universe, the result is obtained by dividing the total weight of the product by its volume.

How to calculate product density

To make this calculation, a device called a densimeter or pycnometer is used. Depending on the product being measured, this device can be made of glass (for liquids) or metal (for pasty products). There are also digital hydrometers that facilitate this analysis.

The procedure for making the calculation is as follows: the analyst places the product into the appropriate densimeter, discounting the tare of the container. At the time of weighing, the density formula is applied to know the mass value. See the example below.

Consider a product whose weight is 587 grams and the container in which it is placed is 100 grams. In the calculation, it is necessary to discount the weight of the empty container, working with the net weight of the product, which, in this case, is 487 grams. Applying the formula, 487 grams are divided by the volume, in this example 1,000 cm³. The result, therefore, is a density of 0.487 g/cm³, as you can see below:

Care in weighing the product

It is recommended to follow some guidelines for the calculation to be done assertively. To calculate the mass, the product must be poured into a container without pressing or compacting it. Then, a ruler must be passed in the top of the container to eliminate the excess. The product must be dumped gradually so as not to change its density. Once the container is full, it must be weighed on the scale. The result obtained will correspond to the gross weight.

The importance of calculating product density to increase productivity

By knowing the density of the product, adjustments can be made to the packaging machine to make the process more efficient. An example of this adjustment is the dimensioning of auger filler and the volumetric cups.

It is important to remember that some factors influence density, such as moisture and particle size. The density of items such as snacks and some powdered products must be informed on the packaging label, as determined by national legislation.

Knowing the characteristics and particularities of the product and the packaging that surrounds it is a way to improve processes, anticipate failures and reduce unwanted stops in production. The impact will be positive throughout the entire logistics chain and, above all, in product quality and customer perception.

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